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NEW QUESTION 191
In a sequence of 300 numbers, the first number is 3. the second is 5. and each succeeding number is equal to the sum of the previous two numbers in the sequence. If a number is to be randomly selected from the sequence, what is the probability that the number selected will be odd?
- A.
- B.
- C.
- D.
- E.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 192
What does the word patent mean to you? Does it strike you as being something rather remote from your interests? If it does, stop and think a moment about some of the commonplace things that you use every day, objects that you take for granted as part of the world around you. The telephone, radio, television, the automobile, and the thousand and one other things (even the humble safety pin) that enrich our lives today once existed only as ideas in the minds of men. If it had not been possible to patent their ideas and thus protect them against copying by others, these inventions might never have been fully developed to serve mankind. If there were no patent protection there would be little incentive to invent and innovate, for once the details of an invention became known, hordes of imitators who did not share the inventor's risks and expenses might well flood the market with their copies of his product and reap much of the benefit of his efforts.
The technological progress that has made America great would wither rapidly under conditions such as these. The fundamental principles in the U S patent structure came from England. During the glorious reign of Queen Elizabeth I in England, the expanding technology was furthered by the granting of exclusive manufacturing and selling privileges to citizens who had invented new processes or tools- a step that did much to encourage creativity. Later, when critics argued that giving monopoly rights to one person infringed on the rights of others, an important principle was added to the patent structure: The Lord Chief Justice of England stated that society had everything to gain and nothing to lose by granting exclusive privileges to an inventor, because a patent for an invention was granted for something new that society never had before. Another basic principle was brought into law because certain influential people in England had managed to obtain monopoly control over such age-old products as salt, and had begun charging as much as the traffic would bear. The public outcry became so great that the government was forced to decree that monopoly rights could be awarded only to those who created or introduced something really unique. These principles are the mainstays of our modern patent system in the United States. In colonial times patent law was left up to the separate states. The inconsistency, confusion, and unfairness that resulted clearly indicated the need for a uniform patent law, and the men who drew up the Constitution incorporated one. George Washington signed the first patent law on April 10,1790, and less than four months later the first patent was issued to a man named Samuel Hopkins for a chemical process, an improved method of making potash for use in soapmaking. In 1936 the Patent Office was established as a separate bureau. From the staff of eight that it maintained during its first year of operation it has grown into an organization of over 2500 people handling more than 1600 patent applications and granting over
1000 every week. The Patent Office in Washington D C, is the world's largest library of scientific and technical data, and this treasure trove of information is open for public inspection. In addition to more than
3 million U S patents, it houses more than 7 million foreign patents and thousands of volumes of technical literature. Abraham Lincoln patented a device to lift steam vessels over river shoals, Mark Twain developed a self-pasting scrapbook, and millionaire Cornelius Vanderbilt invented a shoe-shine kit. A patent may be granted for any new and useful process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter ( a chemical compound or combinations of chemical compounds), or any distinct and new variety; of plant, including certain mutants and hybrids. The patent system has also helped to boost the wages of the American worker to an unprecedented level; he can produce more and earn more with the computer, adding machines, drill press or lathe. Patented inventions also help keep prices down by increasing manufacturing efficiency and by stimulating the competition that is the foundation of our free enterprise system. The decades of history have disclosed little need for modification of the patent structure. Our patent laws, like the Constitution from which they grew, have stood the test of time well. They encouraged the creative processes, brought untold benefits to society as a whole, and enabled American technology to outstrip that of the rest of the civilized world.
What is the main idea of this passage?
- A. The patent system in England has been influential in American patent development.
- B. Patented inventions protect the inventor, free enterprise, and the creative process.
- C. The Constitution protects the patent system.
- D. The patent system encourages free enterprise.
- E. Patents are important tools for inventors.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 193
The amount of bone in the elderly skeleton - a key determinant in its susceptibility to fractures - is believed to be a function of two major factors. The first is the peak amount of bone mass attained, determined to a large extent by genetic inheritance. The marked effect of gender is obvious: Elderly men experience only one-half as many hip fractures per capita as elderly women. But also, African- American women have a lower incidence of osteoporotic fractures than Caucasian women. Other important variables include diet, exposure to sunlight, and physical activity. The second major factor is the rate of bone loss after peak bone mass has been attained. While many of the variables that affect peak bone mass also affect rates of bone loss, additional factors influencing bone loss include physiological stresses such as pregnancy and lactation. It is hormonal status, however, reflected primarily by estrogen and progesterone levels, that may exert the greatest effect on rates of decline in skeletal mass.
The passage clearly identifies all of the following as factors in the rate of bone-mass loss EXCEPT for
- A. estrogen levels
- B. lactation
- C. pregnancy
- D. progesterone levels
- E. sunlight exposure
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The passage mentions exposure to sunlight as one factor determining peak bone mass. Although the passage states that "many of the factors that affect the attainment of peak bone mass also affect rates of bone loss," the passage does not indicate that exposure to sunlight is one such factor.
NEW QUESTION 194
When Ms. Alvarez campaigns, she lends to_________small towns: most of her campaign appearances occur in large population centers and media markets.
- A. romanticize
- B. castigate
- C. overlook
- D. denigrate
- E. shun
- F. eschew
Answer: C,E
NEW QUESTION 195
MULCHED : BURGEON ::
- A. edited : compose
- B. elevated : hover
- C. stoked : smolder
- D. honed : hew
- E. calibrated : operate
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
This is a "helpful condition for" analogy. Mulch is a soil-enriching mixture that facilitates plant growth. To BURGEON is to begin to grow rapidly or to flourish. Accordingly, soil that has been MULCHED is in an ideal condition for plants to burgeon. Similarly, a razor or knife that has be honed (sharpened) is in an ideal condition to hew (cut or slice).
NEW QUESTION 196
American history scholars generally attribute formation of the League of Indian Nations to Degandawida, who convinced the warring and fiercely autonomous Iroquois nations to embrace his radical idea for a league by tying it to familiar Iroquois customs and institutions. He associated the notion of peace and partnership with the Iroquois custom by which the families of slain warriors adopted war prisoners into the tribe. He invoked unquestioned social institutions as symbols, comparing the League to the traditional Iroquois clan in which several families share a "Longhouse" and likening the Great Council, comprised of representatives from each nation, to the Longhouse's ever-burning Council Fire. And he assigned to each nation specific duties in order to assuage its fear of losing national identity. (For instance, he assigned to the Onondagas, who were centrally positioned geographically, the role of perpetual hosts.) Perhaps most persuasive, however, was how Degandawida's League replicated the power structure of the traditional Iroquois clan. Each of the five Iroquois nations was comprised of matriarchal totemic clans in which the chiefs were men, the clan heads were women, and the chief's children were considered members of his wife's clan. Degandawida determined that the heads of each nation should select their League representatives, thereby effectively precluding the possibility of League representatives passing their power on to their sons, as well as decreasing the likelihood that a pro-war representative would be appointed. Iroquois unification under the League lasted about two centuries, when disagreement as to whether to become involved in the American Revolutionary war divided the Iroquois. The revolutionaries' success and their subsequent encroachment upon Iroquois lands forced many Iroquois to resettle in Canada, while those who remained behind lost respect from other Indian nations. The introduction of distilled spirits led to widespread alcoholism and, in turn, to a rapid decline of the culture and population.
The Quakers' influence impeded, yet in another sense contributed, to this decline. By establishing schools for the Iroquois and by introducing them to modern technology for agriculture and husbandry, the Quakers instilled some hope for the future yet undermined their sense of national identity. Ironically, it was the alcoholic halfbrother of Seneca, Cornplanter, the most outspoken proponent among the Iroquois for assimilation of white customs and institutions, who revived the Iroquois culture. Around 1800, Handsome Lake, a former member of the Great Council, established a new religion among the Iroquois that tied the more useful aspects of Christianity to traditional Indian beliefs and customs. Lake's teachings quickly became firmly entrenched among the Iroquois, sparking reunification and renewed confidence while also curbing rampant alcoholism. Lake's influence is still evident today: many modern- day Iroquois belong both to his religion and to one or another Christian sect Which of the following best characterizes the structure of the passage as a whole?
- A. Two historical figures are introduced; then the nature and extent of their influence are compared.
- B. The inception of an historical phenomenon is examined; then the subsequent life of the phenomenon is traced.
- C. Competing views respecting an historical phenomenon are presented and then valuated based upon empirical evidence.
- D. A theory is presented and then applied to two related historical phenomena.
- E. An historical event is recounted; then possible explanations for the event are presented
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The first and second paragraphs are concerned with the inception of the Iroquois League, while the third and fourth paragraphs outline the subsequent history of the League from its decline through its subsequent resurgence under Handsome Lake. Choice C recapitulates this overall structure.
NEW QUESTION 197
Carbon dating of charcoal gathered from a Nok iron smelter at Intime. Nigeria, suggests that iron technology was established there by 410 B.C. This may not be the oldest smelter in sub-Saharan Africa, however.
Archaeologists have located evidence of iron-smelting in the Termite Hills of Niger from as early as 1400 B.C.. but skeptics say the wood used for that dating could have already been centuries old when burned as fuel-a problem that dogs carbon dating, especially in arid places like Niger, where wood desiccates and lasts longer. Of course, the same problem could distort dates for the Intime furnace as well, but here there is an important piece of corroborating evidence: Nok pottery found inside the furnace alongside the charcoal.
The author implies which of the following about the "Nok pottery found inside the furnace"?
- A. It indicates that the furnace was used primarily for purposes other than smelting.
- B. It predates the pottery found in the Termit Mills of Niger.
- C. It provides independent support for the results of the carbon dating of the charcoal.
- D. It contains traces of iron smelted in the same furnace.
- E. It was probably imported to Intini from a less arid climate.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 198
Despite the (i)_________name given to the fossil species, the fossil itself was (ii)_________: a wing bone, it measured nearly 0.6 meters (two feed long, indicating that its owner had been a very large bird, twice the size of some modern albatrosses.
- A. uninspiring
- B. ambiguous
- C. primitive
- D. suggestive
- E. ancient
Answer: A,E
NEW QUESTION 199
Exhibit.
For what number of pets per household is the total number of households the least?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. or more
- E. 3
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 200
The iacl thai ihcre are so many varieties of youthful dissent indicates that there is considerably less_________to this counterculture than has been suggested.
- A. hypocrisy
- B. relevance
- C. coherence
- D. deeeneraev
- E. spontaneity
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 201 
Answer:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 202
MASSIVE : BULK
- A. ultimate : magnitude
- B. interminable : legacy
- C. trival : importance
- D. gigantic : size
- E. anonymous : luster
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 203
QUARRY : MARBLE ::
- A. ocean : tuna
- B. silo : grain
- C. reservoir : water
- D. well : oil
- E. observatory : stars
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
This is a "place or environment for" analogy. You dig a QUARRY, or excavation pit, where aw materials such as MARBLE are located for the purpose of extracting the materials. Similarly, you construct a well where oil is located for the purpose of extracting the oil.
NEW QUESTION 204
Although the percentage of first graders in Almaria who were excellent readers varied little between 1995 and
2010 the percentage of first graders who had considerable difficult)" reading their schoolbooks increased markedly during that period. This evidence strongly indicates that the average reading ability of first craders decreased between 1995 and 2010.
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest additional support for the argument?
- A. The percentage of first graders in Almaria who had difficulty solving arithmetic problems did not increase as much between 1995 and 2010 as did the percentage of first graders who had reading difficulties.
- B. The average number of schoolbooks used in first-grade classrooms in Almaria increased between 1995 and 2010.
- C. The average difficulty of the schoolbooks used in first-grade classrooms m Almaria decreased between
1995 and 2010. - D. The number of children in Almaria who were enrolled as first graders decreased steadily between 1995 and 2010.
- E. The number of hours devoted to reading activities in first-grade classrooms in Almana did not vary significantly, on average, between 1995 and 2010.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 205
PROXIMAL:
- A. mobile
- B. adjoining
- C. peripheral
- D. wavering
- E. vague
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
PROXIMAL means "situated toward the center or point of attachment"; peripheral means "located away from the center, at the fringe, or near a boundary."
NEW QUESTION 206
Although a Inch concentration of cholesterol in the blood increases the body's ability to fight off infections it typically also increases the risk of dying from a stroke or heart attack, two of the most common causes of death However, in a recently completed ten-year study of people eighty-five and older, higher cholesterol levels tended to be associated with greater longevity.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the contrast between the highlighted effect of high cholesterol levels and the result of the study?
- A. Regular monitoring of the participants in the study revealed that most of them maintained relatively stable blood cholesterol levels over tune.
- B. Both heart attacks and strokes are typically brought on by an obstruction of the flow of blood through a blood vessel.
- C. Among the participants m the study, the proportion with very high blood cholesterol levels was higher than among the general population.
- D. Blood cholesterol levels can be controlled in part by suitable dietary regimens
- E. As people age. the body's ability to fight off infections diminishes.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 207
Always read the meter dials from the right to the left. This procedure is much easier, especially if any of the dial hands are near the zero mark. If the meter has two dials, and one is smaller than the other, it is not imperative to read the smaller dial since it only registers a small amount. Read the dial at the right first. As the dial turns clockwise, always record the figure the pointer has just passed. Read the next dial to the left and record the figure it has just passed. Continue recording the figures on the dials from right to left. When finished, mark off the number of units recorded. Dials on water and gas meters usually indicate the amount each dial records.
Always read the meter dials ...
- A. from the small to the large dial
- B. from top to bottom
- C. from left to right
- D. from the large dial to the small dial
- E. from right to left
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 208
Which of the following is greatest?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
- A. Option D
- B. Option B
- C. Option A
- D. Option E
- E. Option C
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 209
The importance of the Bill of Rights in twentieth-century United States law and politics has led some historians to search for the "original meaning" of its most controversial clauses. This approach. known as
"originalism." presumes that each right codified in the Bill of Rights had au independent history that can be studied in isolation from the histories of other rights, and its proponents ask how formulations of the Bill of Rights in 1791 reflected developments in specific areas of legal thinking at that time. Legal and constitutional historians, for example, have found originalism especially useful in the study of provisions of the Bill of Rights that were innovative by eighteenth-century standards, such as the Fourth Amendment's broadly termed protection against "unreasonable searches and seizures." Recent calls in the legal and political arena for a return to a "jurisprudence of original intention." however, have made it a matter of much more than purely scholarly interest when originalists insist that a clause's true meaning was fixed at the moment of its adoption, or maintain that only those rights explicitly mentioned in the United States Constitution deserve constitutional recognition and protection. These two claims seemingly lend support to the notion that an interpreter must apply fixed definitions of a fixed number of rights to contemporary issues, for the claims imply that the central problem of rights in the Revolutionary era was to precisely identity, enumerate, and define those rights that Americans felt were crucial to protecting their liberty.
Both claims, however, are questionable from the perspective of a strictly historical inquiry, however sensible they may seem from the vantage point of contemporary jurisprudence. Even though originalists are correct in claiming that the search for original meaning is inherently historical, historians would not normally seek.
- A. Each clause has a meaning that can be determined by studying its history and can be applied to contemporary issues.
- B. It can be inferred from the passage that a jurisprudence of original intention is based on which of the following assumptions about the Bill of Rights?
- C. Its framers and ratifiers sought to protect individual rights in as many situations as possible by describing each right in broad terms.
- D. A study of interpretations of the Bill of Rights suggests that the Bill can legitimately be read in more than one way.
- E. Each right reflects the diversity of views that its framers held about individual rights.
- F. Its framers and ratifiers originally intended the rights enumerated in the various individual clauses to be interpreted in relation to one another.
Answer: F
NEW QUESTION 210
The politician's record while in office, though (i)_________- hardly accounts for her high standing three decades later
-a standing all the more (it)_________because of continuing assaults on her reputation during those years.
- A. persistent
- B. bewildering
- C. unusual regrettable
- D. unappreciated
- E. admirable
Answer: C,E
NEW QUESTION 211 
In Country P in 2013, how much more was spent on television advertising than on radio and Internet advertising combined?
Give your answer to the nearest million dollars.
Answer:
Explanation:
342 million
NEW QUESTION 212
-5, -3, -1, 0, 10, 20
How many different sums can be obtained by adding two different numbers from the list shown?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 213
When Flemish painter Anthony Van Dyck moved to England in 1632 to become court painter to Charles The introduced an entirely new way of representing dress in portraiture. In women's portraits. he left off fashionable accessories, depicted subjects in unbuttoned sleeves and collars, and added lavish drapery and jewels. For the first time an artist actively participated in dressing his subjects, creating an amalgam of fantasy and reality. While Van Dyck was most innovative when representing women, he used similar elements in portraits of men.
Van Dyck's Portrait of Thomas Killigrew and Willian. Lord Crofts (1638) demonstrates how the artist relaxed and unbuttoned men's dress to accord with an underlying theme. The double portrait may be seen as an essay in grief: Killigrew. a poet and playwright, had lost his wife Cecelia to the plague shortly before the sitting, and Crofts was her nephew. The painting contains clear references to the situation at hand. The background features a broken column, a traditional emblem of earthly transience. A drawing in Killigrew's right hand depicts two Itinerary monuments. Crofts holds a blank sheet of paper, seen by some scholars as an analog to the drawing Killigrew holds: a symbol of what is gone.
At historians have interpreted the clothing depicted in this portrait, particularly Crofts' doublet which is worn unbuttoned in back, as an allusion to the subjects' grief-stricken distraction. It is true that Killigrew's dress includes references to his loss-he wears a cross inscribed with his wife's initials. There is an intimate nature to this painting, which seems underscored by the loose clothing worn by both subjects. However, diis reading of the costumes as signs of grief does not take account of seventeenth-century fashion conventions. Only Killigrew appears in noticeably disheveled attire; Crofts" dress would be quite appropriate for a formal portrait. Though black clothing, such as that won by Crofil, was common for mourning, it was also ordinary on other occasions. Furthermore, during the first stage of mounting no shiny surfaces, such as Crofts' satin doublet, would be permitted. The unbuttoned slit on Crofts" doublet was probably a matter of style: a French courtier in a 1635 fashion print by Bosse. who is gallivanting rather than grieving, wears a similarly undone doublet. Evidence suggests that by the late 1630s a certain calculated looseness was conventional in men's formal dress. Ribeiro. for example, cites the writings of moralists objecting to this style.
Killigrew's attire, though even looser than Crofts", should not necessarily be associated with grief. Other seventeenth-century subjects depicted in melancholic states do not dress this way. Although Killigrew's
"undress" lends this portrait a distinctive intimacy, it might also refer to Killigrew's literary career. Many of Van Dyck's other subjects who engaged in literary pursuits are depicted in loose clothing. The blank sheet held by Crofts may be a reminder not only of Killigrew's loss but also of his solace: he had but to express his grief in writing.
The author's reference to the "cross" worn by Killigrew serves primarily as
- A. evidence supporting the author's main point about the significance of Killigrew's state of dress in the Portrait
- B. an example of the kind of detail overlooked by other art historians who have commented on the Portrait
- C. a concession of partial agreement with a point made by other art historians about the Portrait
- D. an illustration of the way in which Van Dyck used emblematic as well as realistic elements in his portraits
- E. an example of the type of adornment that was rarely seen in portraiture before Van Dyck
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 214
......
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