[Jun 14, 2026] 300-540 Exam Dumps - 100% Marks In 300-540 Exam! [Q42-Q61]

[Jun 14, 2026] 300-540 Exam Dumps - 100% Marks In 300-540 Exam!

Exam Dumps Use Real CCNP Service Provider Dumps With 191 Questions!

Cisco 300-540 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Topic 1	Virtualized Architecture: This section of the exam measures the skills of Cloud Network Engineers and covers the foundational concepts of virtualized infrastructures used in modern service provider and cloud environments. Candidates are expected to understand constraints in IaaS designs, determine appropriate cloud service models, and demonstrate awareness of container orchestration compared to traditional virtual machines. The exam also evaluates the ability to implement key virtualization functions such as NFV, VNF, NSO, and virtualized Cisco platforms. Learners must be able to deploy NFV with automation tools, manage VNF onboarding, work with NSO-driven orchestration, and use protocols like NETCONF, RESTCONF, REST APIs, and gNMI within automated cloud ecosystems. A general understanding of supporting platforms such as OpenStack also forms part of the required knowledge in this domain.
Topic 2	Security: This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Security Engineers and covers the implementation of infrastructure-level protection in cloud and NFVI ecosystems. It includes topics such as ACLs, uRPF, RTBH, router hardening, BGP flowspec, TACACS, and MACSEC. Candidates should understand DoS mitigation methods and apply security practices within NFVI, focusing on API protection, securing the control and management plane, and segmentation strategies in service provider cloud environments. The domain also evaluates basic knowledge of TLS, mTLS, and general cloud security solutions related to DNS protection, zero-day defenses, and malware detection.
Topic 3	High Availability: This section of the exam measures the skills of Cloud Infrastructure Architects and covers the design and implementation of redundancy and resiliency mechanisms in virtualized network functions and distributed cloud platforms. It includes data plane redundancy for VNFs, high availability within a single VIM control plane, and resilient compute, vNIC, and top-of-rack switching. The exam requires an understanding of multi-homing, EVLAG configurations, virtual private cloud deployment, and ECMP strategies for NFVI integrations with physical routing protocols such as BGP, OSPF, and IS-IS. Candidates must also recommend suitable high-availability models involving DNS, routing, and load balancing.
Topic 4	Service Assurance and Optimization: This section of the exam measures the skills of Cloud Operations Engineers and covers assurance mechanisms used to maintain performance, stability, and visibility across NFVI environments. It includes network assurance concepts such as MANO frameworks, VNF workload monitoring, VIM control plane KPIs, and streaming telemetry with gRPC and gNMI. Candidates must understand cloud infrastructure performance monitoring tools, including SR-PM, NetFlow, IPFIX, syslog, SNMP traps, RMON, cloud agents, and automated fault management systems. The domain also touches on diagnosing NFVI-related errors and optimizing VNFs using techniques such as SR-IOV and software-accelerated virtual switching technologies like DPDK and VPP.
Topic 5	Cloud Interconnect: This section of the exam measures the skills of Service Provider Network Engineers and covers how large networks interconnect with cloud platforms and carrier-neutral facilities. Candidates are expected to understand various connectivity options to cloud providers, customer sites, and other neutral facilities, as well as evaluate WAN connectivity models such as direct connect, MPLS or segment routing, and IPsec VPN links. The domain also includes the ability to troubleshoot advanced data center interconnect solutions, including EVPN VXLAN, EVPN over SR MPLS, ACI-based connectivity, and pseudowire architectures supporting cloud-to-cloud and cloud-to-edge communication.

 

NEW QUESTION # 42
VNF data plane redundancy can be achieved by:

• A. Placing all VNFs on a single host
• B. Limiting the use of redundant hardware
• C. Disabling network resiliency features
• D. Using placement strategies and network resiliency

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 43
MACSEC provides security through:

• A. Authentication
• B. Encryption
• C. Traffic specification
• D. Policy enforcement

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 44
Secure NFVI control and management plane typically involves the use of:

• A. Hard-coded credentials
• B. Strong authentication mechanisms
• C. Unencrypted traffic
• D. Open and unsecured APIs

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 45


Refer to the exhibit. The indicated configuration was applied to a Cisco switch Switch_A located in the Los Angeles DC data center; however, Switch_A fails to establish OTV connectivity to Cisco switch Switch_C.
Which overlay interface command must be run on Switch_A to resolve the issue?

• A. otv extend-vlan 101-111
• B. otv isis authentication-type md5
• C. otv join-interface vlan 101-111
• D. otv isis authentication-check

Answer: A

Explanation:
Overlay Transport Virtualization (OTV) allows Layer 2 extension across Layer 3 infrastructures. To operate, OTV requires three fundamental components on the overlay interface:
Join interface - used to reach the OTV control plane over L3 (already configured: otv join-interface g1/0).
Control-group multicast address - for control-plane advertisement (already configured: otv control-group
224.1.1.1).
Extended VLAN list - specifies which VLANs will be transported through the OTV overlay.
The configuration shown in the exhibit includes the join-interface, control-group, and data-group, but it does NOT specify which VLANs should be extended. Without the otv extend-vlan command, OTV will form the overlay interface but will not forward any Layer 2 information, preventing adjacency and MAC distribution between sites.
In OTV, the command required to activate VLANs for transport is:
otv extend-vlan <vlan-range>
This enables the VLANs (such as 101-111) to be carried across the OTV overlay, completing the configuration and establishing connectivity.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
B). otv isis authentication-type md5
This is optional and only required if ISIS authentication is enabled on both edges. It does not resolve the absence of VLAN extension.
C). otv isis authentication-check
This command enforces authentication verification but does not fix connectivity when VLANs are not extended.
D). otv join-interface vlan 101-111
This is not a valid OTV command. The join-interface must be a routed interface, not a VLAN list.

NEW QUESTION # 46
An engineer must design a pay-as-you-go solution for their partners. The solution must allow for rapid deployments, be flexible, and scale resources up or down in a hybrid workplace. What must be used?

• A. Cisco+ Hybrid Cloud for Service Provider Networking
• B. Cisco+ Hybrid Cloud for Virtual Desktop Infrastructure
• C. Cisco+ Hybrid Cloud for Bare Metal Compute
• D. Cisco+ Hybrid Cloud for Virtualization

Answer: B

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract from my knowledge of Designing and Implementing Cisco Service Provider Cloud Network Infrastructure Outlines without Any External URL or Links:
Cisco+ Hybrid Cloud is Cisco's as-a-service consumption model that offers pay-as-you-go infrastructure. For ahybrid workplace, the focus is on giving users secure desktop environments from anywhere, with the ability torapidly deployandscale up or downbased on the number of users or partners.
Cisco+Hybrid Cloud for Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI)specifically delivers desktop and app workspaces as an on-demand service. It allows partners to consume desktops elastically, paying for capacity as needed and scaling the underlying compute, storage, and networking without rebuilding the environment.
* Bare Metal Compute and Virtualization offers flexible infrastructure but are aimed at app/workload hosting rather than user desktop workspaces.
* Service Provider Networking addresses network services, not end-user hybrid workplace desktops.
Therefore, for a pay-as-you-go, rapidly deployable, elastic solution in a hybrid workplace,Cisco+ Hybrid Cloud for Virtual Desktop Infrastructureis the correct choice.

NEW QUESTION # 47

Refer to the exhibit. An engineer must configure multihoming between router R1 and service provider SP-2.
Locally generated routes must be advertised to service provider SP-2. Which command must be run on R1 to complete the configuration?

• A. neighbor 10.0.0.0 route-map localonly out
• B. network 10.0.0.0 route-map as200only out
• C. network 10.12.10.1 route-map as200only in
• D. neighbor 10.12.10.1 route-map localonly out

Answer: D

Explanation:
On R1 (AS200), the requirement is:
* Advertiselocally generated routes(for example, 10.10.10.0/24 from AS200)
* Only towardSP-2, which peers on IP10.12.10.1
* Apply a policy (route-map) controlling what R1 advertises
In BGP, to controlwhich locally originated routesare sent to a specific neighbor, the correct configuration is:
neighbor <IP> route-map <map-name> out
This applies outbound policy filtering or permitting to the prefixes advertised.
Thus:
* The neighbor toward SP-2 is10.12.10.1
* The route-map must be appliedoutbound
* The command that accomplishes this is:
neighbor 10.12.10.1 route-map localonly out
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
* A. network 10.0.0.0 route-map as200only outThe network command doesnotaccept route-map out.
This is invalid syntax.
* C. network 10.12.10.1 route-map as200only inIncorrect network, incorrect direction, and invalid syntax with in.
* D. neighbor 10.0.0.0 route-map localonly out10.0.0.0 is not a BGP neighbor; it's a network prefix.

NEW QUESTION # 48
What should be used to protect against lateral movements during a Cisco NFVI security breach?

• A. Network segmentation
• B. Wi-Fi Protected Access
• C. Data encryption
• D. Web application firewall

Answer: A

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation
In Cisco NFVI security architecture, the primary defense againstlateral movement(an attacker moving from one compromised node to another) isnetwork segmentation.
Segmentation:
* Separates workloads (compute, storage, management, tenant networks)
* Prevents attackers from pivoting inside the NFVI
* Reduces blast radius during breaches
* Enforces micro-segmented virtual network boundaries
WPA protects Wi-Fi, not NFVI.
WAF protects web apps, not internal movement.
Data encryption protects confidentiality, not lateral movement control.
Thus,network segmentationis the correct solution.

NEW QUESTION # 49
Network segmentation is critical in a cloud environment for:

• A. Enhancing performance by reducing security
• B. Limiting the spread of breaches and attacks
• C. Enabling unrestricted access between zones
• D. Simplifying network topology

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 50


Refer to the exhibit. An engineer is troubleshooting an issue with switch LEAF-SW-11. The engineer observes that several main servers on the VXLAN BGP EVPN Multi-Site network experience 50-60% packet loss inbound and outbound, and all the DCI tracking interfaces are down. Which two actions must be taken to resolve the issue? (Choose two.)

• A. On LEAF-SW-11, run the evpn multisite dci-tracking command against interface Eth1/1.
• B. On LEAF-SW-11, enable the multisite ingress-replication command for the L2VNI of VLAN 11.
• C. On the Nexus switch, run the ip access-list permit ip address 172.16.2.200 command.
• D. On the Nexus switch, run the inner ipv4 dst_ip 172.16.2.200 command against module-1.
• E. On LEAF-SW-11, run the inner ipv4 src_ip 172.16.2.200 command against module-1.

Answer: A,B

Explanation:
In a VXLAN BGP EVPNMulti-Siteenvironment:
* DCI trackingmonitors the health of the DCI links. If all DCI-tracking interfaces go down, the leaf can incorrectly keep advertising or learning remote MAC/IP reachability, leading to packet loss and sub- optimal forwarding for servers in that VLAN/L2VNI.
* For proper operation, eachDCI-facing interfacemust be enabled with evpn multisite dci-tracking so that the Multi-Site border leaf tracks reachability over that link.
* When using EVPN Multi-Site, BUM (broadcast, unknown unicast, multicast) traffic toward remote sites is typically handled viaingress replication, not multicast groups, for each L2VNI participating in Multi-Site. The configuration snippet shows an L2VNI (vn-segment 16535) still mapped to mcast- group 239.1.1.0, which is inconsistent with Multi-Site recommendations and contributes to packet loss.
Therefore, to fix the problem:
* Enable DCI tracking on the uplink:
* interface Ethernet1/1
* evpn multisite dci-tracking
This restores proper DCI-link state monitoring for Multi-Site. #Option C
* Change the L2VNI behavior from multicast to Multi-Site ingress replication:
Under the VNI for VLAN 11, configure:
evpn
vni 16535 l2
multisite ingress-replication
or the equivalent command for the specific NX-OS release, thereby aligning the L2VNI with EVPN Multi- Site design and eliminating packet loss. #Option D Options A and B are ELAM (embedded logic analyzer) filters used only for packet capture and do not resolve the forwarding issue.
Option E is an ACL line unrelated to EVPN VXLAN or DCI tracking and does not address the underlying problem.

NEW QUESTION # 51
Which of the following technologies are used for NFV orchestration? (Choose three)

• A. SNMP
• B. NETCONF
• C. Yang models
• D. RESTCONF
• E. REST APIs

Answer: B,D,E

NEW QUESTION # 52
Which of the following is considered a virtualized Cisco platform?

• A. Cisco Nexus
• B. Cisco Catalyst
• C. Cisco Aironet
• D. Cisco IOS XRv

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 53


Refer to the exhibit. An engineer is troubleshooting an issue where Cisco switch Switch_A fails to establish OTV connectivity to Cisco switch Switch_C. What is the cause of the issue?

• A. The join interface must be g1/0.
• B. The control group must be 232.1.1.0.
• C. The join interface must be e1/1.
• D. The broadcast group must be 232.1.1.0.

Answer: A

Explanation:
In Cisco Overlay Transport Virtualization (OTV), thejoin interfaceis the Layer 3 interface that connects the edge device to thetransport network(the routed core / WAN) where multicast groups (control, data, broadcast) are reachable.
From the topology:
* Interfaceg1/0on Switch_A is connected to the routed 20.20.20.0/30 link toward Switch_C (the transport
/ WAN).
* Interfaceg1/1is a trunk toward Switch_B and carries extended VLANs (101, 111), so it belongs to the internal site-facing side, not the transport.
In the show otv output, the join interface is incorrectly configured asg1/1 (20.20.20.2), which is an internal trunk and not the correct routed interface to the OTV transport network. Because the join interface does not face the multicast-enabled transport, OTV cannot establish adjacency and the VPN state remains DOWN.
Correct configuration should use:
otv join-interface GigabitEthernet1/0
Options A and C about group addresses are not the issue; addresses shown (224.x for control/broadcast and
232.x for data group range) are valid multicast ranges. Option D (e1/1) is also an internal access/trunk interface and not the WAN transport interface.

NEW QUESTION # 54
What is used to protect a web server against a DDoS attack?

• A. Wi-Fi Protected Access
• B. Network Access Control
• C. Device Authorization Control
• D. Web Application Firewall

Answer: D

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation
AWeb Application Firewall (WAF)protects HTTP/HTTPS applications against:
* DDoS attacks (layer 7)
* Bot traffic
* Request floods
* SQL injection, XSS, OWASP Top 10 threats
Other options:
* Device Authorization Control # device authentication, not DDoS
* NAC # endpoint authorization, not DDoS
* WPA # Wi-Fi protection, irrelevant to web servers
Thus, the correct protection mechanism for web servers isA. Web Application Firewall.

NEW QUESTION # 55
Cloud agents are deployed for:

• A. Reducing data storage needs
• B. Manual network configuration
• C. Automated network and performance monitoring
• D. Physical security

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION # 56
To ensure control plane high availability, deploying __________ instances across different physical servers is recommended.

• A. multiple
• B. isolated
• C. duplicated
• D. single

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 57
Which type of cyberattack does Cisco Umbrella DNS-layer security effectively help mitigate?

• A. Brute force attacks on user accounts
• B. Phishing and malware-based attacks
• C. DDoS attacks targeting specific servers
• D. Advanced persistent threats and zero-day exploits

Answer: B

Explanation:
Cisco Umbrella DNS-layer security:
* Blocks malicious domains used inphishing,malware,C2 communications, andransomware
* Stops threatsbeforeconnections are made
* Uses DNS-based filtering and threat intelligence
It doesnotmitigate:
* DDoS (needs scrubbing centers)
* Brute force login attempts
* Zero-day exploits directly
Thus,Ais correct.

NEW QUESTION # 58

Refer to the exhibit. An engineer must deploy a Layer 3 EVPN over segment routing MPLS in the data center core; however, Cisco switch Spine_A fails to join the OSPF network. Which OSPF command must be run on Spine_A to resolve the issue?

• A. address-family ipv4
• B. otv join-interface loopback0
• C. connected-prefix-sid-map
• D. segment-routing mpls

Answer: D

Explanation:
To runEVPN over Segment Routing MPLS (SR-MPLS), the IGP (hereOSPF) must be enabled for segment routing so it can:
* Advertise Segment IDs (SIDs) for prefixes and links
* Carry SR extensions in OSPF LSAs
On Cisco devices, this is done under the OSPF process with:
router ospf 100
router-id 192.168.1.1
segment-routing mpls
Without the segment-routing mpls command, Spine_A will not participate correctly in the SR-enabled OSPF domain, and SR-related adjacencies/LSAs will not form as expected, resulting in failure to integrate into the intended SR-MPLS core.
The other options are not OSPF SR-enabling commands:
* A otv join-interface# OTV, unrelated to OSPF or SR-MPLS.
* B address-family ipv4# BGP address family, not OSPF.
* C connected-prefix-sid-map# Global SR mapping for connected prefixes but does not itself enable SR for OSPF.
Therefore, the correct command issegment-routing mpls (D).

NEW QUESTION # 59
Zero-day exploits are:

• A. Vulnerabilities unknown to the software vendor
• B. Known vulnerabilities with existing patches
• C. Problems solved by restarting the system
• D. Issues only found in open-source software

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 60
What is the purpose of VNF data plane redundancy?

• A. To increase the cost of infrastructure
• B. To decrease network performance
• C. To ensure data plane resiliency through placement and network resiliency
• D. To simplify network management

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION # 61
......

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