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List of Career opportunities after getting ISACA CISA Certification:
Following are the list of careers which will be available for you after getting CISA certification by preparing from the ISACA CISA Dumps:
- Networking Security Engineer
- Information Security Officer
- Certified Information Security Manager
- Information Risk Analyst
- Certified Information Systems Auditor
- Systems Security developer
Information Systems Operations & Business Resilience: This domain is designed to evaluate the individuals’ skills in IT controls as well as their knowledge of how IT relates to an enterprise. It requires that you have competence in the following areas:
- Information systems operations, which cover basic technology components, IT asset management, system interfaces, data governance, end-user computing, problem & incident management, systems performance management, database management, and IT service level management, among others;
- Business resilience is the second phase, which covers skills in system resilience, business impact analysis, business continuity plan, data backup, storage & restoration, as well as disaster recovery plans.
Post Exam tasks
For getting certification, there are some tasks you have to do after passing the CISO exam. After passing the CISO exam, pay a 50$ application processing fee. Submit your application to show experience (essential for the certification). Strike to the certification-related profession and professional knowledge.
NEW QUESTION # 118
An IS auditor is assessing backup performance and observes that the system administrator manually initiates backups during unexpected peak usage. Which of the following is the auditor's BEST course of action?
- A. Recommend using cloud-based backups.
- B. Inspect logs to verify timely execution of backups.
- C. Review separation of duties documentation.
- D. Verify the load balancer configuration.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Step-by-Step Explanation:
A key aspect ofbackup managementis ensuring backups are performed on time and without manual intervention to avoid human error.
* Option A (Incorrect):While separation of duties is important, the concern here is not aconflict of interestbut rather the reliability of backup execution.
* Option B (Incorrect):Load balancer configuration relates tonetwork traffic management, which is not directly relevant to backup reliability.
* Option C (Incorrect):Cloud-based backups can be a good option, but the immediate priority is to verify if backups are consistently executedbefore suggesting alternative solutions.
* Option D (Correct):Reviewing backup logs provides concreteevidenceof whether backups are performed on schedule and if they weremisseddue to peak usage periods. If issues are found, automation or scheduling adjustments may be recommended.
Reference:ISACA CISA Review Manual -Domain 4: Information Systems Operations and Business Resilience- Covers backup procedures, performance monitoring, and audit approaches.
NEW QUESTION # 119
An IS auditor conducts a review of a third-party vendor's reporting of key performance indicators (KPIs) Which of the following findings should be of MOST concern to the auditor?
- A. KPI data is not being analyzed
- B. Some KPIs are not documented
- C. KPIs have never been updated
- D. KPIs are not clearly defined
Answer: D
Explanation:
KPIs are not clearly defined is the most concerning finding for an IS auditor, because it implies that the third-party vendor does not have a clear understanding of what constitutes success or failure in their performance. This can lead to inaccurate or misleading reporting, poor decision making, and lack of accountability. KPIs should be SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound) and aligned with the business objectives and expectations of the stakeholders12. References: 1: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version), Chapter 5, Section 5.3.2 2: CISA Online Review Course, Module 5, Lesson 3
NEW QUESTION # 120
Which of the following is the BEST way to achieve high availability and fault tolerance for an e-business
system?
- A. Robust systems architecture
- B. Storage area network
- C. Secure offsite backup storage
- D. Network diversity
Answer: A
Explanation:
Section: Information System Operations, Maintenance and Support
NEW QUESTION # 121
Which of the following BEST addresses the availability of an online store?
- A. A mirrored site at another location
- B. Online backups
- C. Clustered architecture
- D. RAID level 5 storage devices
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 122
Which of the following physical controls will MOST effectively prevent breaches of computer room security?
- A. CCTV monitoring
- B. Photo IDs
- C. Retina scanner
- D. RFID badge
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 123
When conducting a requirements analysis for a project, the BEST approach would be to:
- A. test operational deliverable
- B. prototype the requirements,
- C. conduct a control self-assessment
- D. consult key stakeholders
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 124
Which of the following is the BEST way to mitigate risk to an organization's network associated with devices permitted under a bring your own device (BYOD) policy?
- A. Ensure the policy requires antivirus software on devices.
- B. Enable port security on all network switches.
- C. Implement a network access control system.
- D. Require personal devices to be reviewed by IT staff.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The best way to mitigate risk to an organization's network associated with devices permitted under a BYOD policy is to implement a network access control system, as this will allow the organization to monitor, authenticate, and authorize the devices that connect to the network, and to enforce security policies and compliance requirements12. A network access control system can help to prevent unauthorized or compromised devices from accessing sensitive data or resources, and to detect and isolate any potential threats or vulnerabilities34.
References
1: Network Access Control (NAC) - ISACA 2: Network Access Control (NAC) - Cisco 3: BYOD Security Risks: 6 Ways to Protect Your Organization - ReliaQuest5 4: How to Mitigate BYOD Risks and Challenges - CIOReview6
NEW QUESTION # 125
Which type of risk would MOST influence the selection of a sampling methodology?
- A. Control
- B. Detection
- C. Inherent
- D. Residual
Answer: B
Explanation:
The type of risk that would most influence the selection of a sampling methodology is detection risk (option D). This is because:
* Detection risk is the risk that the auditor will not detect a material misstatement that exists in an assertion1. Detection risk depends on the effectiveness of the audit procedures and how well they are applied by the auditor1.
* The selection of a sampling methodology is part of the design of audit procedures, which aims to reduce detection risk to an acceptable level1. The auditor should consider the following factors when selecting a sampling methodology23:
* The objectives of the audit procedure and the related assertions.
* The characteristics of the population from which the sample will be drawn, such as its size, homogeneity, and structure.
* The sampling technique to be used, such as random, systematic, haphazard, or judgmental.
* The sample size and the method of selecting sample items.
* The evaluation of the sample results and the projection of errors to the population.
* The auditor should also consider the advantages and disadvantages of different sampling methodologies, such as statistical and non-statistical sampling23. Statistical sampling is a sampling technique that uses random selection and probability theory to evaluate sample results. Non-statistical sampling is a sampling technique that does not use random selection or probability theory to evaluate sample results. Some of the advantages and disadvantages are as follows23:
* Statistical sampling allows the auditor to measure and control sampling risk, which is the risk that the sample is not representative of the population. Statistical sampling also allows the auditor to quantify the precision and reliability of the sample results. However, statistical sampling requires more technical knowledge and skills, as well as more time and cost, than non-statistical sampling.
* Non-statistical sampling relies on the auditor's professional judgment and experience to select and evaluate sample items. Non-statistical sampling is more flexible and less complex than statistical sampling. However, non-statistical sampling does not provide an objective basis for measuring and controlling sampling risk, nor does it allow the auditor to quantify the precision and reliability of the sample results.
Therefore, the type of risk that would most influence the selection of a sampling methodology is detection risk (option D), as it determines how effective and efficient the audit procedures should be in order to provide sufficient appropriate audit evidence.
References: 1: Audit Sampling - Overview, Purpose, Importance, and Types 2: Audit Sampling | Auditing and Attestation | CPA Exam FAR 3: Audit Sampling | ACCA Qualification | Students | ACCA Global
NEW QUESTION # 126
Which of the following is the initial step in creating a firewall policy?
- A. Creation of an applications traffic matrix showing protection methods
- B. Identification of network applications to be externally accessed
- C. Identification of vulnerabilities associated with network applications to be externally accessed
- D. A cost-benefit analysis of methods for securing the applications
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Identification of the applications required across the network should be identified first. After identification, depending on the physical location of these applications in the network and the network model, the person in charge will be able to understand the need for, and possible methods of, controlling access to these applications. Identifying methods to protect against identified vulnerabilities and their comparative cost- benefit analysis is the third step. Having identified the applications, the next step is to identify vulnerabilities (weaknesses) associated with the network applications. The next step is to analyze the application traffic and create a matrix showing how each type of traffic will be protected.
NEW QUESTION # 127
Following a breach, what is the BEST source to determine the maximum amount of time before customers must be notified that their personal information may have been compromised?
- A. Information security policy
- B. Incident response plan
- C. Industry regulations
- D. Industry standards
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Following a breach, the maximum amount of time before customers must be notified that their personal information may have been compromised depends on the industry regulations that apply to the organization.
Different industries and jurisdictions may have different legal and regulatory requirements for breach notification, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the United States, or the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA) in Canada. Industry standards, incident response plans, and information security policies are not as authoritative as industry regulations in determining the breach notification time frame. References: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version), [ISACA Privacy Principles and Program Management Guide]
NEW QUESTION # 128
According to the three lines of defense model for risk management, the second line of defense includes functions that
- A. provide independent assurance
- B. oversee risks
- C. define risk appetite
- D. own risks
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 129
The members of an emergency modem response team should be:
- A. selected from multiple departments
- B. restricted to IT personnel.
- C. assigned at the time of each incident.
- D. appointed by the CISO.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 130
Disabling which of the following would make wireless local area networks more secure against
unauthorized access?
- A. WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access Protocol)
- B. LEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol)
- C. SSID (service set identifier) broadcasting
- D. MAC (Media Access Control) address filtering
Answer: C
Explanation:
Section: Protection of Information Assets
Explanation:
Disabling SSID broadcasting adds security by making it more difficult for unauthorized users to find the
name of the access point. Disabling MAC address filtering would reduce security. Using MAC filtering
makes it more difficult to access a WLAN, because it would be necessary to catch traffic and forge the
MAC address. Disabling WPA reduces security. Using WPA adds security by encrypting the traffic.
Disabling LEAP reduces security. Using LEAP adds security by encrypting the wireless traffic.
NEW QUESTION # 131
Which of the following is the MOST important responsibility of user departments associated with program changes?
- A. Approving changes before implementation
- B. Analyzing change requests
- C. Providing unit test data
- D. Updating documentation to reflect latest changes
Answer: A
Explanation:
User departments play a critical role in the program change process, and their approval is crucial to ensure that changes align with business requirements, minimize disruption, and mitigate risks.
By approving changes before implementation, user departments validate that the proposed changes are necessary, appropriate, and in line with the organization's objectives.
NEW QUESTION # 132
An organization is in the process of deciding whether to allow a bring your own device (BYOD) program. If approved, which of the following should be the FIRST control required before implementation?
- A. An acceptable use policy
- B. An awareness program
- C. Device baseline configurations
- D. Device registration
Answer: D
Explanation:
Section: Information System Acquisition, Development and Implementation
NEW QUESTION # 133
Capacity management tools are PRIMARILY used to ensure that:
- A. available resources are used efficiently and effectively
- B. proposed hardware acquisitions meet capacity requirements
- C. computer systems are used to their maximum capacity most of the time
- D. concurrent use by a large number of users is enabled
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Capacity management tools are primarily used to ensure that available resources are used efficiently and effectively to meet the current and future demands of the business. Capacity management tools can help monitor, analyze and optimize the performance and utilization of IT resources such as CPU, memory, disk, network, etc. The other options are not the primary purpose of capacity management tools, although they may be related or derived from them. References:
ISACA, CISA Review Manual, 27th Edition, chapter 4, section 4.32
ISACA, COBIT 2019 Framework: Introduction and Methodology, section 3.2
NEW QUESTION # 134
Which of the following should be done FIRST following an incident that has caused internal servers to be inaccessible, disrupting normal business operations?
- A. Copy all key directories and files on the affected servers and generate the hash value of the copy.
- B. Make a bit-level copy of the affected servers and calculate the hash value of the copy.
- C. Document the servers' dates, times, and locations, as well as the individual who last used them.
- D. Unplug all power cables immediately to prevent further actions of the attacker on the servers.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Creating a bit-level copy (also known as a forensic image) of the affected servers and calculating the hash value ensures that an exact replica of the system is preserved for forensic analysis without altering the original data. This is critical for investigating the incident, understanding what happened, and maintaining the integrity of the evidence. The hash value guarantees that the copy remains unchanged and can be used as evidence if needed.
While documenting the servers and their usage, copying directories, and even unplugging the servers could be necessary steps later, preserving the system's state through a forensic copy is the top priority to avoid data loss or contamination.
NEW QUESTION # 135
Which of the following should an IS auditor review to determine user permissions that have been granted for a particular resource?
- A. Systems logs
- B. Error logs
- C. Access control lists (ACL)
- D. Application logs
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
IS auditors should review access-control lists (ACL) to determine user permissions that have been granted for a particular resource.
NEW QUESTION # 136
Which of the following is the MOST important control for virtualized environments?
- A. Hardening for the hypervisor and guest machines
- B. Redundancy of hardware resources and network components
- C. Monitoring utilization of resources at the guest operating system level
- D. Regular updates of policies for the operation of the virtualized environment
Answer: A
Explanation:
The most important control for virtualized environments is hardening for the hypervisor and guest machines.
Hardening is the process of applying security measures and configurations to reduce the vulnerabilities and risks of a system or device. Hardening for the hypervisor and guest machines is essential for protecting the virtualized environments from attacks, as they are exposed to various threats from both the physical and virtual layers. Hardening for the hypervisor and guest machines involves the following steps:
* Applying the latest patches and updates for the hypervisor and guest operating systems, as well as the applications and drivers running on them.
* Configuring the firewall and network settings for the hypervisor and guest machines, to restrict and monitor the network traffic and prevent unauthorized access or communication.
* Disabling or removing any unnecessary or unused features, services, accounts, or ports on the hypervisor and guest machines, to minimize the attack surface and reduce the potential entry points for attackers.
* Enforcing strong authentication and authorization policies for the hypervisor and guest machines, to ensure that only authorized users or administrators can access or manage them.
* Encrypting the data and communication for the hypervisor and guest machines, to protect the confidentiality and integrity of the information stored or transmitted on them.
* Implementing logging and auditing mechanisms for the hypervisor and guest machines, to record and track any activities or events that occur on them, and enable detection and investigation of any incidents or anomalies.
Hardening for the hypervisor and guest machines can help prevent or mitigate common attacks on virtualized environments, such as:
* Hypervisor escape: An attack where a malicious guest machine breaks out of its isolated environment and gains access to the hypervisor or other guest machines.
* Hypervisor compromise: An attack where an attacker exploits a vulnerability or misconfiguration in the hypervisor to gain control over it or its resources.
* Guest compromise: An attack where an attacker exploits a vulnerability or misconfiguration in a guest machine to gain access to its data or applications.
* Guest impersonation: An attack where an attacker creates a fake or cloned guest machine to trick other guests or users into interacting with it.
* Guest denial-of-service: An attack where an attacker consumes or exhausts the resources of a guest machine to disrupt its availability or performance.
Therefore, hardening for the hypervisor and guest machines is the most important control for virtualized environments, as it can enhance their security, reliability, and performance. For more information about hardening for virtualized environments, you can refer to some of these web sources:
* Hypervisor security on the Azure fleet
* Chapter 2: Hardening the Hyper-V host
* Plan for Hyper-V security in Windows Server
NEW QUESTION # 137
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